修复Realtek RTL8156B 2.5GbE USB性能(dvaj0033)
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不久前，我在 Ubuntu 20.04 中评测了一款基于 Realtek RTL8156B 芯片USB 3.0 转 2.5 Gbps 的以太网适配器。测评时，我对这款适配器的可靠性和性能并没有多印象的深刻。当时也有很多朋友给了建议，例如更换网线、MTU 尺寸等。
但更换网线并没有什么帮助，我看到评论有人提到可能是 cdc_ncm 驱动程序的问题，我还看到另一条评论说更新到 Linux 内核 5.14有应该能正确地安装r8152 驱动程序。所以我就这样做了，如下所示：
sudo apt install linux-oem-20.04d
将 Linux 5.13（Ubuntu 20.04 + HWE 附带）升级到了 Linux 5.14，但不幸的是该系统仍然继续使用了带有半双工链接的 cdc_ncm 驱动程序：
jaufranc@cnx-laptop-4:~$ inxi -n Network: Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169 IF: enp2s0f1 state: down mac: 98:28:a6:0f:06:07 Device-2: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter driver: ath10k_pci IF: wlp3s0 state: up mac: 70:c9:4e:b7:84:77 Device-3: Realtek USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN type: USB driver: cdc_ncm IF: enx1cbfced40321 state: up speed: 2500 Mbps duplex: half mac: 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 jaufranc@cnx-laptop-4:~$ uname -a Linux cnx-laptop-4 5.14.0-1022-oem #24-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 31 16:00:31 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
后来我想，有可能必须要使用 udev 规则来防止加载 cdc_ncm 驱动程序了。而 r8152 驱动程序中确实有50-usb-realtek-net.rules能够帮助做到这一点。所以我就将文件复制到了/etc/udev/rules.d/文件夹中。由于不想重新启动，所以我卸载了不需要的模块，然后重新启动了 udev 试一试：
sudo rmmod cdc_mbim sudo rmmod cdc_ncm service udev restart
我们来看看结果怎么样，如下所示：
sudo inxi -n Network: Device-1: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169 IF: enp2s0f1 state: down mac: 98:28:a6:0f:06:07 Device-2: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter driver: ath10k_pci IF: wlp3s0 state: up mac: 70:c9:4e:b7:84:77 Device-3: Realtek USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN type: USB driver: r8152 IF: enx1cbfced40321 state: up speed: 2500 Mbps duplex: full mac: 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21
很好！它现在可以使用 r8152 驱动程序了，并且我们还有一个全双工连接。
我们再次来对所有测试的结果来进行一下比较。
iperf2
上传：
iperf -t 60 -c 192.168.31.12 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 192.168.31.12, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 1.40 MByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.31.166 port 41266 connected with 192.168.31.12 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-60.0 sec 16.4 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec
下载：
iperf -t 60 -c 192.168.31.166 ------------------------------------------------------------ Client connecting to 192.168.31.166, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 901 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 3] local 192.168.31.12 port 37188 connected with 192.168.31.166 port 5001 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bandwidth [ 3] 0.0-60.0 sec 10.8 GBytes 1.55 Gbits/sec
这样做之后，下载速度有所提高了，之前使用 cdc_ncm 驱动程序时速度是 600 Mbps，但仍然没有接近 2.3 Gbps。
现在我们来体验下全双工：
Client connecting to 192.168.31.166, TCP port 5001 TCP window size: 799 KByte (default) ------------------------------------------------------------ [ 4] local 192.168.31.12 port 5001 connected with 192.168.31.166 port 41290 [ 6] local 192.168.31.12 port 37194 connected with 192.168.31.166 port 5001 [ 6] 0.0-60.1 sec 8.06 GBytes 1.15 Gbits/sec [ 4] 0.0-60.4 sec 16.3 GBytes 2.32 Gbits/sec
这其实还不算太糟糕了。
iperf3
上传：
iperf3 -t 60 -c 192.168.31.12 -i 5 Connecting to host 192.168.31.12, port 5201 [ 5] local 192.168.31.166 port 32848 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd [ 5] 0.00-5.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.36 Gbits/sec 0 847 KBytes [ 5] 5.00-10.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 889 KBytes [ 5] 10.00-15.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.14 MBytes [ 5] 15.00-20.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.14 MBytes [ 5] 20.00-25.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.14 MBytes [ 5] 25.00-30.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.14 MBytes [ 5] 30.00-35.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.73 MBytes [ 5] 35.00-40.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.73 MBytes [ 5] 40.00-45.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 3.92 MBytes [ 5] 45.00-50.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 3.92 MBytes [ 5] 50.00-55.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 3.92 MBytes [ 5] 55.00-60.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 3.92 MBytes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr [ 5] 0.00-60.00 sec 16.4 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 sender [ 5] 0.00-60.05 sec 16.4 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec receiver iperf Done.
下载：
iperf3 -t 60 -c 192.168.31.166 -i 5 Connecting to host 192.168.31.166, port 5201 [ 5] local 192.168.31.12 port 53112 connected to 192.168.31.166 port 5201 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd [ 5] 0.00-5.00 sec 802 MBytes 1.35 Gbits/sec 641 222 KBytes [ 5] 5.00-10.00 sec 856 MBytes 1.44 Gbits/sec 618 83.4 KBytes [ 5] 10.00-15.00 sec 852 MBytes 1.43 Gbits/sec 583 87.7 KBytes [ 5] 15.00-20.00 sec 843 MBytes 1.41 Gbits/sec 592 168 KBytes [ 5] 20.00-25.00 sec 831 MBytes 1.39 Gbits/sec 642 91.9 KBytes [ 5] 25.00-30.00 sec 810 MBytes 1.36 Gbits/sec 666 97.6 KBytes [ 5] 30.00-35.00 sec 831 MBytes 1.39 Gbits/sec 590 123 KBytes [ 5] 35.00-40.00 sec 827 MBytes 1.39 Gbits/sec 652 298 KBytes [ 5] 40.00-45.00 sec 843 MBytes 1.41 Gbits/sec 605 93.3 KBytes [ 5] 45.00-50.00 sec 844 MBytes 1.42 Gbits/sec 635 96.2 KBytes [ 5] 50.00-55.00 sec 862 MBytes 1.45 Gbits/sec 565 84.8 KBytes [ 5] 55.00-60.00 sec 858 MBytes 1.44 Gbits/sec 583 82.0 KBytes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr [ 5] 0.00-60.00 sec 9.82 GBytes 1.41 Gbits/sec 7372 sender [ 5] 0.00-60.00 sec 9.82 GBytes 1.41 Gbits/sec receiver iperf Done.
和iperf2是差不多的。其实 iperf3 多年来一直都不支持全双工，但它们这次的 3.7 版重新引入了该功能。所以我们来试试看：
iperf3 -t 60 -c 192.168.31.12 --bidir -i 5 Connecting to host 192.168.31.12, port 5201 [ 5] local 192.168.31.166 port 32858 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ 7] local 192.168.31.166 port 32860 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ ID][Role] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-5.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.41 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-5.00 sec 643 MBytes 1.08 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 5.00-10.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.48 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 5.00-10.00 sec 673 MBytes 1.13 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 10.00-15.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.78 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 10.00-15.00 sec 690 MBytes 1.16 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 15.00-20.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.78 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 15.00-20.00 sec 695 MBytes 1.17 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 20.00-25.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.78 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 20.00-25.00 sec 703 MBytes 1.18 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 25.00-30.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.78 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 25.00-30.00 sec 704 MBytes 1.18 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 30.00-35.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.78 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 30.00-35.00 sec 711 MBytes 1.19 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 35.00-40.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.78 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 35.00-40.00 sec 697 MBytes 1.17 Gbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 40.00-45.00 sec 28.8 MBytes 48.2 Mbits/sec 4 1.41 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 40.00-45.00 sec 15.0 MBytes 25.2 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 45.00-50.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 1 1.41 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 45.00-50.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 50.00-55.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec 1 1.41 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 50.00-55.00 sec 0.00 Bytes 0.00 bits/sec iperf3: error - control socket has closed unexpectedly
哎呀！发生了什么呢？内核日志中似乎也有一些错误消息。
[18424.279351] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18424.287497] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18424.295735] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18424.303858] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18430.885965] net_ratelimit: 107 callbacks suppressed [18430.885975] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18431.251643] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18431.909792] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71 [18437.797786] r8152 2-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: Tx status -71
我其实不是唯一遇到这个问题的人了，所以我只能说这是 r8156 驱动程序 Github repo中一个未解决问题。以下是开发者的回答，仅供参考：
我怀疑是以太网适配器方面存在了问题，因为有很多报告称它与 DS918+ 是一起工作。比如：如电源线设计、过热等等。你们可以点击下面链接查看详情：
https://github.com/bb-qq/r8152/wiki/Compatibility
或者你们也可以试试其他供应商的以太网适配器，使用带有外部电源的 USB 集线器有可能可以改善这种情况。
此时，以太网根本不工作，所以我不得不拔下并重新插入 USB 适配器。这次终于成功“工作”了。
iperf3 -t 60 -c 192.168.31.12 --bidir -i 5 Connecting to host 192.168.31.12, port 5201 [ 5] local 192.168.31.166 port 32872 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ 7] local 192.168.31.166 port 32874 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ ID][Role] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-5.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.59 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-5.00 sec 515 MBytes 864 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 5.00-10.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.75 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 5.00-10.00 sec 489 MBytes 820 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 10.00-15.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.75 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 10.00-15.00 sec 530 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 15.00-20.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.75 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 15.00-20.00 sec 564 MBytes 947 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 20.00-25.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 1.75 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 20.00-25.00 sec 560 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 25.00-30.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 25.00-30.00 sec 578 MBytes 970 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 30.00-35.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 30.00-35.00 sec 561 MBytes 942 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 35.00-40.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 35.00-40.00 sec 572 MBytes 960 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 40.00-45.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 40.00-45.00 sec 570 MBytes 956 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 45.00-50.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 45.00-50.00 sec 572 MBytes 960 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 50.00-55.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 50.00-55.00 sec 570 MBytes 957 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 55.00-60.00 sec 1.36 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 2.63 MBytes [ 7][RX-C] 55.00-60.00 sec 571 MBytes 958 Mbits/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID][Role] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-60.00 sec 16.3 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec 0 sender [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-60.05 sec 16.3 GBytes 2.34 Gbits/sec receiver [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-60.00 sec 6.50 GBytes 931 Mbits/sec 58 sender [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-60.05 sec 6.50 GBytes 929 Mbits/sec receiver iperf Done.
Rx 侧仍然有重传，这其实也帮助解释了为什么速度会如此低。
SAMBA
我将一台带有 RTL8156B 适配器和 SATA SSD 的笔记本电脑连接到了一个带有 2.5GbE 的端口上，并配备了480GB SSD和MINIX USB-C 扩展坞的UP Xtreme i11迷你 PC 。
r8152 驱动程序的传输速度大约是 930 Mbps，而 cdc_ncm 驱动程序的传速度大约是 750 Mbps。
现在我从迷你 PC 传输数据到笔记本电脑这个传输也可以称其为“下载”。
不出意料，此时的速度比较慢，只有837 Mbps，但仍然比我使用 cdc_ncm 驱动程序时的速度要好，使用 cdc_ncm 时只有不到500 Mbps。
scp
笔记本电脑到迷你电脑：
time scp Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin devkit@192.168.31.12:/home/devkit/NEO_Storage devkit@192.168.31.12's password: Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin 100% 10GB 115.0MB/s 01:32 real 1m34.981s user 0m55.750s sys 0m42.668s
迷你电脑到笔记本电脑：
time scp devkit@192.168.31.12:/home/devkit/NEO_Storage/Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin . devkit@192.168.31.12's password: Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin 100% 10GB 111.7MB/s 01:35 real 1m36.896s user 0m56.926s sys 0m55.330s
使用 scp 下载和上传的速度几乎是相同的，这一点很奇怪。这里的遇到的瓶颈似乎是因为我的 SATA SSD：
iozone -e -I -a -s 1000M -r 16384k -i 0 -i 1
Iozone: Performance Test of File I/O
Version $Revision: 3.489 $
Compiled for 64 bit mode.
Build: linux-AMD64
random random bkwd record stride
kB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread
1024000 16384 141794 139550 149591 145020
可以看到其读取速度限制在 145 MB/s 左右，写入速度则限制在了 140 MB/s 左右。
对比来看，MINIX NEO Storage Plus USB-C 扩展坞中使用的SSD 速度要更快了。我上次测试时，其顺序读取速度是 379MB/s，顺序写入速度为 240+ MB/s。
现在我们将数据放到 /dev/null上，看看现在的速度是怎么样的。
下载到笔记本电脑：
time scp -c aes128-ctr devkit@192.168.31.12:/home/devkit/NEO_Storage/Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin /dev/null devkit@192.168.31.12's password: Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin 100% 10GB 133.0MB/s 01:20 real 1m21.880s user 0m18.931s sys 0m33.838s
从笔记本电脑上传：
time scp -c aes128-ctr Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin devkit@192.168.31.12:/dev/null devkit@192.168.31.12's password: Libero_SoC_v2021.2_lin.bin 100% 10GB 239.9MB/s 00:44 real 0m46.094s user 0m17.174s sys 0m36.793s
由上可以看到，至少对于上传而言，速度已经基本可以了。我觉得下载速度还是有一些问题，但是使用 r8152 驱动后其性能确实是有了很大的提升。
使用NanoPi R4S进行测试
虽然上面的测试结果比之前的测试结果要好多了，但仍然不是最佳的。因为我有一个带2个 USB 3.0 端口的 NanoPi R4S 路由器，所以我首先使用最新的 OpenWrt (FriendlyWrt) 21.02 镜像和 Linux 5.15来尝试一下，如下所示：
root@FriendlyWrt:~# iperf3 -t 60 -c 192.168.2.207 --bidir -i 5 Connecting to host 192.168.2.207, port 5201 [ 5] local 192.168.2.161 port 21836 connected to 192.168.2.207 port 5201 [ 7] local 192.168.2.161 port 21838 connected to 192.168.2.207 port 5201 [ ID][Role] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-5.00 sec 348 MBytes 583 Mbits/sec 4 413 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-5.00 sec 220 MBytes 369 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 5.00-10.00 sec 480 MBytes 805 Mbits/sec 5 684 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 5.00-10.00 sec 218 MBytes 366 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 10.00-15.00 sec 574 MBytes 963 Mbits/sec 47 557 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 10.00-15.00 sec 183 MBytes 307 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 15.00-20.00 sec 481 MBytes 807 Mbits/sec 3 699 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 15.00-20.00 sec 179 MBytes 301 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 20.00-25.00 sec 464 MBytes 779 Mbits/sec 18 701 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 20.00-25.00 sec 214 MBytes 359 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 25.00-30.00 sec 549 MBytes 920 Mbits/sec 26 580 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 25.00-30.00 sec 178 MBytes 298 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 30.00-35.00 sec 472 MBytes 792 Mbits/sec 3 526 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 30.00-35.00 sec 207 MBytes 347 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 35.00-40.00 sec 465 MBytes 781 Mbits/sec 15 410 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 35.00-40.00 sec 195 MBytes 326 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 40.00-45.00 sec 385 MBytes 645 Mbits/sec 0 376 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 40.00-45.00 sec 217 MBytes 364 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 45.00-50.00 sec 497 MBytes 833 Mbits/sec 9 478 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 45.00-50.00 sec 201 MBytes 338 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 50.00-55.00 sec 434 MBytes 728 Mbits/sec 0 543 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 50.00-55.00 sec 208 MBytes 349 Mbits/sec [ 5][TX-C] 55.00-60.00 sec 451 MBytes 756 Mbits/sec 6 823 KBytes [ 7][RX-C] 55.00-60.00 sec 220 MBytes 370 Mbits/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID][Role] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-60.00 sec 5.47 GBytes 783 Mbits/sec 136 sender [ 5][TX-C] 0.00-60.01 sec 5.47 GBytes 783 Mbits/sec receiver [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-60.00 sec 2.39 GBytes 342 Mbits/sec 94 sender [ 7][RX-C] 0.00-60.01 sec 2.38 GBytes 341 Mbits/sec receiver iperf Done.
这真的很惨，两边都有很多是重传的。
[ 276.268986] usb 8-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8156, bcdDevice=31.00 [ 276.269798] usb 8-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6 [ 276.270471] usb 8-1: Product: USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN [ 276.272112] usb 8-1: Manufacturer: Realtek [ 276.272519] usb 8-1: SerialNumber: 0013000000 [ 276.359625] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: MAC-Address: 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [ 276.360178] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: setting rx_max = 16384 [ 276.360758] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: setting tx_max = 16384 [ 276.362948] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0 eth2: register 'cdc_ncm' at usb-xhci-hcd.1.auto-1, CDC NCM, 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [ 459.919597] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth2: link becomes ready
查看内核日志，我们的 RTL8156B USB 适配器再次使用该 CDC NCM 驱动程序，就像在 Ubuntu 中一样……也有一个 r8152 驱动程序，但无论我在 /etc/modules.d 中删除什么模块，要么加载 CDC NCM，要么加载 eth2界面根本不显示。所以我切换到基于 Ubuntu 20.04 的 FriendlyCore 操作系统，它也是Linux 5.15，这将更接近我笔记本电脑上的设置。
正如人们所预料的那样，RTL8156B 适配器在 Ubuntu 中默认使用的是 CDC NCM 驱动程序。
[ 682.701529] usb 8-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci-hcd [ 682.727125] usb 8-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8156, bcdDevice=31.00 [ 682.727163] usb 8-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6 [ 682.727179] usb 8-1: Product: USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN [ 682.727191] usb 8-1: Manufacturer: Realtek [ 682.727203] usb 8-1: SerialNumber: 0013000000 [ 682.806350] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: MAC-Address: 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [ 682.806387] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: setting rx_max = 16384 [ 682.806561] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: setting tx_max = 16384 [ 682.807963] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0 eth1: register 'cdc_ncm' at usb-xhci-hcd.1.auto-1, CDC NCM, 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [ 682.834550] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0 enx1cbfced40321: renamed from eth1
eth1 没有出现在 ifconfig 中，所以为了使用 r8152 驱动程序我还是继续更改 udev 规则。
[ 882.081445] usb 7-1: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci-hcd [ 882.209358] usb 7-1: Device not responding to setup address. [ 882.417542] usb 7-1: Device not responding to setup address. [ 882.625432] usb 7-1: device not accepting address 3, error -71 [ 886.597570] usb 8-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 4 using xhci-hcd [ 886.619484] usb 8-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8156, bcdDevice=31.00 [ 886.619534] usb 8-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6 [ 886.619556] usb 8-1: Product: USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN [ 886.619574] usb 8-1: Manufacturer: Realtek [ 886.619591] usb 8-1: SerialNumber: 0013000000 [ 886.911033] usb 8-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 4 using xhci-hcd [ 886.960598] r8152 8-1:1.0: Direct firmware load for rtl_nic/rtl8156b-2.fw failed with error -2 [ 886.960631] r8152 8-1:1.0: Falling back to sysfs fallback for: rtl_nic/rtl8156b-2.fw [ 947.165730] r8152 8-1:1.0: unable to load firmware patch rtl_nic/rtl8156b-2.fw (-110) [ 947.210940] r8152 8-1:1.0 (unnamed net_device) (uninitialized): netif_napi_add() called with weight 256 [ 947.237480] r8152 8-1:1.0 eth1: v1.12.11 [ 947.254755] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_ncm [ 947.257112] usbcore: registered new interface driver cdc_mbim [ 947.290865] r8152 8-1:1.0 enx1cbfced40321: renamed from eth1
这个测试越来越令人沮丧了，我们先来更新一下系统看看。
sudo apt update sudo apt install python3-pip sudo pip3 install apt-mirror-updater apt-mirror-updater -c http://ftp.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/ubuntu-ports sudo apt dist-upgrade
虽然我遵循了所有的步骤，但因为 FriendlyCore 镜像依赖的是中国的服务器，这与我的服务器相比就非常慢（只是运行 apt update 就可能需要 15 分钟）。因此虽然理论上更新其实是很快的，但它仍然还是需要几个小时！具体你们可以参考“从命令行更改 Ubuntu Apt 镜像”。
更新系统对固件的问题其实没有什么帮助。因此，我搜索了rtl_nic/rtl8156b-2.fw文件。它应该是位于 firmware--realtek Debian 软件包和linux-firmware Ubuntu Impish 软件包中。
我下载了后者，并提取了 rtl8156b-2.fw ，然后将其复制到 /etc/firmware/rtl_nic。现在终于可以成功工作了，如下所示：
[ 2172.098871] usb 8-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 4 using xhci-hcd [ 2172.120681] usb 8-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8156, bcdDevice=31.00 [ 2172.120731] usb 8-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6 [ 2172.120754] usb 8-1: Product: USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN [ 2172.120771] usb 8-1: Manufacturer: Realtek [ 2172.120788] usb 8-1: SerialNumber: 0013000000 [ 2172.183460] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: MAC-Address: 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [ 2172.183494] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: setting rx_max = 16384 [ 2172.183620] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0: setting tx_max = 16384 [ 2172.184904] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0 eth1: register 'cdc_ncm' at usb-xhci-hcd.1.auto-1, CDC NCM, 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [ 2172.189439] cdc_ncm 8-1:2.0 eth1: unregister 'cdc_ncm' usb-xhci-hcd.1.auto-1, CDC NCM [ 2172.451015] usb 8-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 4 using xhci-hcd [ 2172.535166] r8152 8-1:1.0: load rtl8156b-2 v1 04/15/21 successfully [ 2172.598459] r8152 8-1:1.0 eth1: v1.12.11
不知道什么原因，其接口仍然未启动，我只好手动将其添加到了 /etc/network/interfaces.d，但似乎不起什么作用。
回到带有rtl8156b-2.fw固件的Ubuntu笔记本电脑
因为没什么作用，所以我又回到了笔记本电脑上，并将固件文件复制到了/lib/firmware/rtl_nic目录下。结果与 NanoPi R4S 中的结果是一样的，如下所示：
[23050.245495] usb 2-1: new SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [23050.266025] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8156, bcdDevice=31.00 [23050.266038] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=6 [23050.266043] usb 2-1: Product: USB 10/100/1G/2.5G LAN [23050.266047] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Realtek [23050.266050] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 0013000000 [23050.325714] cdc_ncm 2-1:2.0: MAC-Address: 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [23050.325720] cdc_ncm 2-1:2.0: setting rx_max = 16384 [23050.325762] cdc_ncm 2-1:2.0: setting tx_max = 16384 [23050.326199] cdc_ncm 2-1:2.0 eth0: register 'cdc_ncm' at usb-0000:04:00.3-1, CDC NCM, 1c:bf:ce:d4:03:21 [23050.334723] cdc_ncm 2-1:2.0 eth0: unregister 'cdc_ncm' usb-0000:04:00.3-1, CDC NCM [23050.559779] usb 2-1: reset SuperSpeed USB device number 3 using xhci_hcd [23050.617459] r8152 2-1:1.0: load rtl8156b-2 v1 04/15/21 successfully [23050.654344] r8152 2-1:1.0 eth0: v1.12.11
我们试试iperf3上传：
iperf3 -t 30 -c 192.168.31.12 -i 5 Connecting to host 192.168.31.12, port 5201 [ 5] local 192.168.31.166 port 50222 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd [ 5] 0.00-5.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.36 Gbits/sec 0 609 KBytes [ 5] 5.00-10.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 691 KBytes [ 5] 10.00-15.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.35 MBytes [ 5] 15.00-20.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.35 MBytes [ 5] 20.00-25.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.35 MBytes [ 5] 25.00-30.00 sec 1.37 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 1.35 MBytes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr [ 5] 0.00-30.00 sec 8.22 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec 0 sender [ 5] 0.00-30.04 sec 8.22 GBytes 2.35 Gbits/sec receiver iperf Done.
和以前一样，还是没有回到之前的状态。现在我使用iperf3测试下载：
iperf3 -t 30 -c 192.168.31.12 -i 5 -R Connecting to host 192.168.31.12, port 5201 Reverse mode, remote host 192.168.31.12 is sending [ 5] local 192.168.31.166 port 50226 connected to 192.168.31.12 port 5201 [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate [ 5] 0.00-5.00 sec 969 MBytes 1.63 Gbits/sec [ 5] 5.00-10.00 sec 990 MBytes 1.66 Gbits/sec [ 5] 10.00-15.00 sec 982 MBytes 1.65 Gbits/sec [ 5] 15.00-20.00 sec 984 MBytes 1.65 Gbits/sec [ 5] 20.00-25.00 sec 1012 MBytes 1.70 Gbits/sec [ 5] 25.00-30.00 sec 1007 MBytes 1.69 Gbits/sec - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr [ 5] 0.00-30.02 sec 5.81 GBytes 1.66 Gbits/sec 3181 sender [ 5] 0.00-30.00 sec 5.80 GBytes 1.66 Gbits/sec receiver iperf Done.
情况好转了一点，但还是没有达到最理想的结果，而且重发数量真的好多！我现在真的好累，如果你们有什么其他想法好方法，请留言告诉我。
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